Fuelling Your Body for Weight Loss

When it comes to weight loss, we often think about what we are not going to eat – what foods we might need to say good bye to and how many calories we are going to restrict. How does this process of restriction serve your mental health, and is it effective? The key to successful weight loss is not about the foods you are restricting, but all about the foods you are choosing to fuel it with. If you are planning a road trip from A to B, you could fill your car up with the cheapest petrol available and save a little money at first. But your car would burn through this fuel very fast and you’d have to fill it up at the petrol station another one or two times before reaching your destination. Alternatively, you could fill your car up with the highest quality petrol right from the get-go. Yes, you’d have to invest a little more initially, but this high-quality fuel would burn a lot slower and more efficiently, allowing you to get all the way to where you're going without having to fill up again! Nutrition is the fuel for your body. We must eat the right foods every single day to maximise nutrient density and nourish our body with essential proteins, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. There is a misconception that we need to refuel our tanks with low-calorie foods at regular intervals across the day to “boost” our metabolism. Every time we munch down on these low-calorie (low-fat) foods, we get a rise in blood sugar (glucose) and a corresponding surge in the hormone, insulin. Insulin is known as the “fat-storage hormone” because it signals our body to turn fat-burning “off” and fat-storage “on”. So, if we want to get all the way from point A to point B without having to fill up our fuel tanks over and over again – we need a premium source of fuel that is going to give us more bang for our buck! There are two primary sources of fuel you can choose to run your body on:

- Glucose (from dietary carbohydrate or made in your liver)

Fat (from dietary fat or stored body fat)

Note – we do not normally use protein as a fuel source. Protein is important for forming the “building blocks” of our tissues, hormones and enzymes. Energy-dense foods are typically labelled as bad foods when it comes to weight management. But when you acknowledge that food is simply a vessel designed to provide your body with energy, then energy-dense foods don’t seem so bad after all… Energy-dense foods are foods that contain more energy (kcal or kilojoules) per gram weight. Pure fat contains 9 kcal per gram weight while pure carbohydrate and protein both contain 4 kcal per gram weight. You might have tried to avoid foods that contain fat in the past as a way of reducing the total number of calories you consume across the day. If you have done this before (e.g. low-fat diet, low-calorie diet, calorie counting, etc.), how did you feel when you were on the diet? How many times a day did you have to fill up your tank? Could you have kept up the diet for the rest of your life? By avoiding fat and relying on low-energy (low-calorie) foods to fuel our bodies, we are frequently needing to “fill up” our fuel tanks because we hardly tug the ropes of the satiety pathways in our brain! In addition, fat has the least impact on your blood glucose levels when compared to protein and carbohydrate (Figure 1). Therefore, consuming fat through your diet actually allows your body to burn its own stored body fat because it keeps circulating insulin levels nice and low (low insulin = access to stored body fat). In addition, avoiding spikes in your blood glucose levels also helps you avoid the lows! Low blood glucose swamps us with cravings, hunger, irritability, mood swings, tiredness and reduced mental capacity. That’s why after 2-3 hours after consuming a high-carbohydrate, low-fat meal or snack, you’re back at the fridge door to seek out your next high.

Comparing the post-prandial effects of dietary carbohydrate, protein and fat on blood glucose levels.

Consuming a low-calorie diet that is high in dietary carbohydrate, moderate in protein and low in fat, forces us to use glucose as our primary fuel source and thus rely on regular top-ups across the day. These top-ups are like road blocks to using our stored body fat. Alternatively, if we eat a diet that is rich in healthy sources of fat, then we can use fat as our primary fuel source and access stored body fat. Because most of us have a virtually unlimited supply of stored body fat at any one time – this way of fuelling our body means that we aren’t dependent on regular top ups across the day. Our body can tap into its own energy stores and we can burn fat for fuel all day long without feeling tired, hungry, irritable, anxious, shaky or depressed. What are healthy sources of fat? What is the take-home message of this article? Don’t be afraid of fat. Healthy sources of fat are fats that are minimally processed, anti-inflammatory (or neutral) and rich in flavour. They should make up a generous portion of your daily dietary intake. Healthy fats include, but are not limited to:

- eggs

- nuts and seeds

- avocado

- olives and olive oil

- fish and seafood

- meat

- dairy (e.g., cheese, milk, yoghurt)

- coconut products (e.g., desiccated coconut, coconut milk, coconut yoghurt, coconut oil)

The Protein Bread Co. products (e.g., pizza base, muffins, bread, cookies)

This article provides general information from the current scientific evidence base and clinical judgement of the author. It is designed for educational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. The author recommends you seek personally tailored support from a qualified healthcare practitioner before undertaking any major lifestyle change. Jessica Turton is an Accredited Practising Dietitian and the founder of Ellipse Health, an online platform for providing premium nutrition and dietetics services. She completed her Masters of Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Sydney in 2017. She also holds a Bachelor of Applied Science (Exercise and Sports Science) and is commencing a PhD investigating nutritional strategies for diabetes management in 2018. Jessica has participated in various nutrition-related research projects at the University of Sydney and was the recipient of the Charles Perkins Centre Summer Research Scholarship 2016/17 and the Dean’s Scholar Award 2017. Jessica has written extensively on the topics of nutrition and health, and you can find more of her articles here (www.ellipsehealth.com.au/articles). Jessica is available for phone consultations via Ellipse Health and face-to-face consultations at Church Street Medical Practice in Newtown NSW and Orthosports in Concord NSW.

Fuelling Your Body for Weight Loss

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